The settlement permit (Niederlassungserlaubnis) is Germany's permanent residence permit. It is unlimited, allows any kind of work, including self-employment, and is no longer tied to a specific job or employer. For many expats, it is the most important step towards security in Germany.
An alternative is the EU long-term residence permit (Daueraufenthalt-EU), which also offers mobility rights in other EU countries.
Waiting Times
| Your permit | Earliest settlement permit |
|---|---|
| EU Blue Card | after 21 months with German B1, or 27 months with A1 |
| Skilled worker permit | after 3 years |
| Graduates of German universities or vocational training | after 2 years of employment |
| Spouse of a German citizen | after 3 years |
| General rule | after 5 years |
Time spent studying in Germany can partly count towards the general five years.
Requirements
The general requirements include:
- Residence permit for the required period,
- secured livelihood without social benefits,
- pension contributions for the required number of months, for example 60 months under the general rule, 36 months for skilled workers,
- German language skills, usually at level B1, A1 for the shorter Blue Card route,
- basic knowledge of the legal and social order, usually proven by the test "Life in Germany",
- adequate living space,
- no serious criminal convictions.
EU Long-Term Residence
The EU long-term residence permit (Daueraufenthalt-EU) is available after five years of residence with similar requirements. It allows you to move to another EU country under simplified conditions. Blue Card holders can count time in other EU countries.
You can hold the settlement permit and apply for EU long-term residence as well.
Why It Matters for Your Job
With a work permit or Blue Card, losing your job can affect your residence. With a settlement permit, it does not. You can change jobs, become self-employed or take time out without asking the immigration office. See losing your job and your residence permit.
Losing the Settlement Permit
The settlement permit expires if you leave Germany for more than six months, or longer with the immigration office's approval, or if you leave for a reason that is not temporary. Holders of EU long-term residence can be abroad for up to twelve months.
Next Step: Citizenship
After five years of residence, you can usually apply for German citizenship and keep your previous nationality. See German citizenship.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I have to give up my passport?
No. The settlement permit does not affect your nationality.
Does time on a job seeker permit count?
Lawful residence on most permits counts towards the general periods. Check your individual case.
Is the settlement permit valid indefinitely?
Yes. Only the card itself must be renewed, usually together with your passport.
