The citizenship reform of June 2024 made German citizenship much more accessible: the waiting period was reduced from eight to five years, and dual citizenship is now generally allowed. A further shortcut to three years for particularly well-integrated people was abolished again in October 2025.
Requirements
- Five years of lawful habitual residence in Germany.
- Residence permit: a settlement permit or a permit that can lead to permanent residence. Most work permits qualify.
- German language skills at level B1.
- Citizenship test (Einbürgerungstest), unless you have a German school or university qualification.
- Secured livelihood for yourself and your family without social benefits, with limited exceptions.
- Commitment to the free democratic constitutional order.
- No relevant criminal convictions.
- Clarified identity and nationality.
Spouses of German citizens may benefit from easier conditions.
Dual Citizenship
Since 27 June 2024, you no longer have to give up your previous citizenship. Germans who acquire another nationality also keep their German citizenship.
Check whether your home country allows you to keep its nationality. Some countries automatically withdraw citizenship if you take another.
Children
- Child of a German parent: German at birth, also when born abroad, with special rules for Germans born abroad.
- Born in Germany: a child of foreign parents becomes German at birth if one parent has lived in Germany lawfully for five years and has a permanent right of residence. The child can also keep the parents' nationality.
- Naturalisation with parents: minor children can be naturalised together with their parents.
The Process
- Prepare documents: passport, residence permit, proof of income, language certificate, test certificate, birth and marriage certificates.
- Apply at the naturalisation authority of your city or district, often online.
- Processing: the authority checks the requirements and security aspects.
- Certificate: you receive the naturalisation certificate at a ceremony or appointment and declare your commitment to the constitution.
Job Loss and Citizenship
Secured livelihood is a key requirement. Unemployment benefit, which is based on contributions, is treated differently from means-tested benefits. If you lose your job during the process, get advice. See losing your job and your residence permit.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I apply after three years?
No longer. The three-year route was abolished in October 2025.
Does time as a student count?
Lawful residence as a student usually counts towards the five years.
Do I lose my German citizenship if I live abroad?
Not because of living abroad. Children born abroad to Germans born abroad may need to be registered to acquire it.
