Family reunion (Familiennachzug) allows close family members of people living in Germany to join them. The requirements depend on the residence status of the person already in Germany and on the family member.
Spouses and Partners
General requirements:
- both spouses are at least 18,
- the marriage is recognised in Germany,
- the person in Germany has a suitable residence permit,
- livelihood is secured and adequate living space is available,
- the spouse has basic German skills at level A1.
No language requirement applies, for example, to spouses of:
- EU Blue Card holders and skilled workers,
- researchers and intra-company transferees,
- citizens of certain countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan and the UK.
Registered partners are treated like spouses. Unmarried partners generally have no right to family reunion.
Children
Minor, unmarried children can join their parents. For children aged 16 or 17, additional requirements may apply, such as German language skills or good prospects of integration, unless the parents are skilled workers, Blue Card holders or similar.
Parents
Since March 2024, skilled workers and Blue Card holders who received their first residence permit after 1 March 2024 can bring their parents and parents-in-law, if livelihood, including health insurance, is secured. Otherwise, parents can only join in cases of exceptional hardship.
The Process
- Visa application at the German embassy or consulate in the family member's country. Citizens of some countries can apply in Germany after visa-free entry.
- Documents: passports, marriage and birth certificates, often legalised or with an apostille, proof of income and housing, language certificate where required.
- Approval by the immigration office at the place of residence in Germany.
- Residence permit after arrival.
Processing times at some embassies are long. Start early and check the embassy's requirements.
Work Rights
Family members can work in Germany without restrictions as employees or self-employed persons.
Job Loss and Family
If the residence of your family depends on your permit and you lose your job, it can affect them as well. See losing your job and your residence permit.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can my spouse come before the wedding?
A visa for the purpose of marriage in Germany is possible if the marriage is to take place soon after arrival.
Can adult children join?
Only in cases of exceptional hardship.
Does my family get their own permit?
Yes, but it is initially linked to yours. After a period, spouses can obtain an independent right of residence.
